Inference on the Possible Causes of Segregation Distortion from Open Pollination Progenies of Merkus Pine (Pinus merkusii)

Methods of analysis to infer the possible causes of segregation distortion were carried out using single tree progenies of Pinus merkusii. Tests on the progenies of the seed trees showing significant segregation distortion were performed at six gene loci, i.e. GOT-C, GOT-D, PGM-B, SKDH-A, NDH-A, and FDH-A. Results indicated that most fertilisation combination between female and male gametes occurred randomly. This study revealed that 11 out of 17 cases of distortion were detected in both gametes, while the other six were detected only in female gamet. The primary sources of such segregation distortions are discussed regarding to linkage relationships system of mating and post-zygotic viability selection. Key words: Pinus merkusii, segregation distortion, system of mating, viability selectio

UJI KETURUNAN SAUDARA TIRI ( Half - sib ) SENGON ( Paraserianthes falcataria L. Nielsen) DI TAMAN HUTAN BLOK CIKABAYA

Analysis of genetic parameters in seedling seed orchard progeny trial of Paraserianthes falcataria at Taman Hutan Blok Cikabayan are very important to decide to continue  the breeding program.  The analysis was coducted on estimation of individual heritability and genetic correlation between traits. Result of analysis shows that individual heritability for height, diameter and form traits. 

UJI KETURUNAN SAUDARA TIRI ( Half - sib ) SENGON ( Paraserianthes falcataria L. Nielsen) DI TAMAN HUTAN BLOK CIKABAYA

Analysis of genetic parameters in seedling seed orchard progeny trial of Paraserianthes falcataria at Taman Hutan Blok Cikabayan are very important to decide to continue  the breeding program.  The analysis was coducted on estimation of individual heritability and genetic correlation between traits. Result of analysis shows that individual heritability for height, diameter and form traits. 

Comparison of levels of chloroplast DNA diversity of two Shorea species with contrasting geographical distribution

The analysis of the distribution of genetic diversity in a species provides useful information for conservation programs and management at the species level. The objective of this study was to observe the distribution of chloroplast DNA haplotypes and to assess their variation within and among populations of two Shorea species. Results of this study showed that each of the two species was characterized by a different common haplotype. Polymorphisms were found in each species, but the overall haplotype variation was low due to the low number of cpSSR markers investigated. A low level of intra-specific variation was detected in natural populations of S. parvifolia and S. laevis in which only three haplotypes and four haplotypes were found, respectively. A strong differentiation among populations of S. parvifolia and S. laevis were observed (GST = 0.582 and GST = 0.736, respectively), indicating limited gene flow among populations of two Shorea species. Despite its restricted distribution, S. laevis exhibited higher genetic diversity than the more widespread S. parvifolia. It is clear that the expectation of reduced genetic diversity in species with restricted distribution is not always borne out. Geographical distribution of haplotypes did not clearly reflect the distribution of two Shorea species populations. The findings of this study could be utilized as basic information to conserve the sources of genetic diversity in S. parvifolia and S. laevis in the future. Keywords: Chloroplast microsatellite, Genetic variation, Shorea laevis, Shorea parvifolia

Comparison of levels of chloroplast DNA diversity of two Shorea species with contrasting geographical distribution

The analysis of the distribution of genetic diversity in a species provides useful information for conservation programs and management at the species level. The objective of this study was to observe the distribution of chloroplast DNA haplotypes and to assess their variation within and among populations of two Shorea species. Results of this study showed that each of the two species was characterized by a different common haplotype. Polymorphisms were found in each species, but the overall haplotype variation was low due to the low number of cpSSR markers investigated. A low level of intra-specific variation was detected in natural populations of S. parvifolia and S. laevis in which only three haplotypes and four haplotypes were found, respectively. A strong differentiation among populations of S. parvifolia and S. laevis were observed (GST = 0.582 and GST = 0.736, respectively), indicating limited gene flow among populations of two Shorea species. Despite its restricted distribution, S. laevis exhibited higher genetic diversity than the more widespread S. parvifolia. It is clear that the expectation of reduced genetic diversity in species with restricted distribution is not always borne out. Geographical distribution of haplotypes did not clearly reflect the distribution of two Shorea species populations. The findings of this study could be utilized as basic information to conserve the sources of genetic diversity in S. parvifolia and S. laevis in the future

Flower Initiation, Morphology, and Developmental Stages of Flowering-Fruiting of Mindi

The study was aimed to determine flower initiation, floral morphology and to observe the stages of flowering and fruit  development of mindi (Melia azedarch  L) within a population  for one period of time 2008–2009.  The methods used were observing directly over the trees and some vegetatives and generatives buds were sampled for dissecting.  The observation revealed that the inflorescence type of mindi was panicle, located at the end of a branch.  The number of flower varied among inflorescences, ranged between 30–80 that bloomed simultaneously.  The flower was hermaphroditic with position of anther was closed to stigma that selfing might be happened.  Usually, the ovary contained 5 ovules that  developed into seeds.  Reproductive cycle was proceeded for 6–7 months within the year, first observation commenced from flower initiation that occur in August, generative buds to flower burst  in September–October.  Early fruits were formed in October–November and fruits reached physiological-maturity in January–February.  Reproductive success was 34%, indicated that the rate of fertilized ovules proportion to be potencially viable seeds were relatively low

Flower Initiation, Morphology, and Developmental Stages of Flowering-Fruiting of Mindi

The study was aimed to determine flower initiation, floral morphology and to observe the stages of flowering and fruit  development of mindi (Melia azedarch  L) within a population  for one period of time 2008–2009.  The methods used were observing directly over the trees and some vegetatives and generatives buds were sampled for dissecting.  The observation revealed that the inflorescence type of mindi was panicle, located at the end of a branch.  The number of flower varied among inflorescences, ranged between 30–80 that bloomed simultaneously.  The flower was hermaphroditic with position of anther was closed to stigma that selfing might be happened.  Usually, the ovary contained 5 ovules that  developed into seeds.  Reproductive cycle was proceeded for 6–7 months within the year, first observation commenced from flower initiation that occur in August, generative buds to flower burst  in September–October.  Early fruits were formed in October–November and fruits reached physiological-maturity in January–February.  Reproductive success was 34%, indicated that the rate of fertilized ovules proportion to be potencially viable seeds were relatively low

Rarity Status and Habitat of Shorea laevis and Shorea leprosula in Muara Teweh, Central Kalimantan

Forest exploitation and conversion to other landuse may cause lost of biodiversity, including most important dipterocarp trees species, i.e. Shorea leprosula and Shorea laevis. The objective of this study was to determine the rarity status of the two important shorea species, i.e. S. laevis and S. leprosula, based on IUCN criteria, their habitat characteristics, and their association with other species, as one of the basis for determining their conservation strategy as a part of forest management. This study was conducted in three types of ecosystem (virgin forest, secondary forest, and fragmented forest) in Muara Teweh, Central Kalimantan.  Methodology used in this research includes vegetation and tree diversity analysis. Study results showed that both S. laevis and S. leprosula were included within category of “low risk” in the 3 types of ecosystem in the forest area being studied.  Habitat characteristics which determined the absence of S. laevis in the virgin forest habitat was the soil permeability which was too low, whereas other soil chemical and physical properties in the three types of ecosystems were relatively similar.  Presence of S. laevis were positively associated with species of S. uliginosa, Dialium platysepalum, Dipterocarpus ibmalatus, Palaquium rostatum, Vatica rasak, Adinandra sp., and Memecyclon steenis.  On the other hand,  S. leprosula were positively correlated with S. kunstleri, Castanopsis sp., Shorea sp., Quercus bennettii, Castanopsis argentea, and D. hasseltii

Rarity Status and Habitat of Shorea laevis and Shorea leprosula in Muara Teweh, Central Kalimantan

Forest exploitation and conversion to other landuse may cause lost of biodiversity, including most important dipterocarp trees species, i.e. Shorea leprosula and Shorea laevis. The objective of this study was to determine the rarity status of the two important shorea species, i.e. S. laevis and S. leprosula, based on IUCN criteria, their habitat characteristics, and their association with other species, as one of the basis for determining their conservation strategy as a part of forest management. This study was conducted in three types of ecosystem (virgin forest, secondary forest, and fragmented forest) in Muara Teweh, Central Kalimantan.  Methodology used in this research includes vegetation and tree diversity analysis. Study results showed that both S. laevis and S. leprosula were included within category of “low risk” in the 3 types of ecosystem in the forest area being studied.  Habitat characteristics which determined the absence of S. laevis in the virgin forest habitat was the soil permeability which was too low, whereas other soil chemical and physical properties in the three types of ecosystems were relatively similar.  Presence of S. laevis were positively associated with species of S. uliginosa, Dialium platysepalum, Dipterocarpus ibmalatus, Palaquium rostatum, Vatica rasak, Adinandra sp., and Memecyclon steenis.  On the other hand,  S. leprosula were positively correlated with S. kunstleri, Castanopsis sp., Shorea sp., Quercus bennettii, Castanopsis argentea, and D. hasseltii